Gupfuka imipira hakoreshejwe laser: uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibidukikije bushyira "intwaro ikomeye" muri moteri z'amakara

Munsi y’ubujyakuzimu bw’ibirombe by’amakara, inkingi zishyigikira amazi mu buryo bw’ubucukuzi bw’amakara bukozwe mu mashini zikora neza zizunguruka munsi y’umuvuduko wa toni 10.000, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi irashwanyagurika ku gacupa k’amakara, mu gihe silindiri za hydraulic zigorwa no gukora ahantu hakonje kandi hangiza. Ibi bice by’ingenzi bigize "icyitegererezo cy’icyuma" cy’ibikorwa byo gucukura amakara, biramba byangiritse, bikangirika, kandi bigahinduka mu gihe kirekire. Uburyo gakondo bwo kubungabunga nko gusudira hejuru, gusiga chromium, cyangwa gusimbuza burundu ntabwo bugaragaza ko buhenze kandi butwara igihe kinini gusa, ahubwo bunananirwa guhaza ibyifuzo by’ubucukuzi bw’amakara bugezweho byo gukora neza, gukoresha karubone nke, kandi bihendutse. Ivuka ry’ikoranabuhanga rya laser cladding ubu riri gutangiza "impinduramatwara ituje yo kuvugurura ibyuma" ku nganda z’imashini z’amakara.

I. Gupfuka imirasire hakoreshejwe laser: "kubaga neza" imashini zivugurura amakara

Gupfuka imirasire ya laser si "filime" yoroshye, ahubwo ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikora ikidendezi cya micro-melt ku buso bw'igice gifite ingufu nyinshi za laser, kandi icyarimwe rigatera ifu yihariye ya alloy kugira ngo risabane hagati y'urwego rwa cladding n'ishingiro. Agaciro kayo k'ibanze kari muri ibi bikurikira:

Gusana neza intego: Umurabyo wa laser ushobora gushyirwa neza kugira ngo ushyireho imiyoboro n'imyobo yangiritse, birinda kwangirika kw'ubutaka buzima, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mu gusana inenge zo mu gace nk'imikoba ku nkingi za hydraulic n'imikoba ku rukuta rw'imbere rwa silindiri.

Ihuriro rikomeye kandi rikomeye ry’ibyuma: Urusobe rw'ibipfundikizo n'umubumbe birema uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza atome, imbaraga zo guhuza zigera kuri 400MPa, bikuraho burundu ibyago byo gukurura chromium plating.

Imikorere yihariye: Mu guhitamo aloyi ishingiye kuri kobalti idashira (nk'iya Stellite 6), aloyi ishingiye kuri nikeli idashira cyangwa tungsten carbide ikungahaye kuri tungsten, ubushobozi bw'ibice biyigize mu mikorere mibi nko mu ihindagurika ry'amakara n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi bushobora kongerwa.

II. Gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bufatika: Kuva ku "gukata inkombe" kugeza ku "gukora cyane"

1. Inkunga y'amazi "impinduramatwara yo kongera ubuzima"

Nyuma yuko urwego rwa chromium plating ku buso bw'inkingi ya hydraulic ruciwe, inkingi iba yoroshye kwangirika no kwangirika iyo ishyizwemo umuvuduko mwinshi. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupfuka inkingi rya laser rishobora:

Nyuma yo gukuraho irangi rishaje, urwego rw'ubugari bwa kobalti rufite ubugari bwa mm 0.8-1.5 rushyirwa ku buso bw'ubutaka;

Ubukomere bwiyongereye kugera kuri HRC 55-60 (urwego rwa mbere rwa chromium plating ni HRC 40-45 gusa), kandi ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bwiyongeraho inshuro zirenga 3;

Ubudahangarwa bw'ingese buriyongera cyane. Igihe cyo gusana inkingi y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu mazi acukurwamo aside kigera ku mezi 18, kirenze kure icyari gishya cy'umwimerere (amezi 6-8).

2. Umwobo wo hagati w'imashini isya urimo "kuvugururwa"

Ukwangirika kw'isahani yo hasi y'umuyoboro wo hagati ku mwaka kugera kuri mm 15, aho gusimbuza bisanzwe bitwara arenga yuan 20.000 kuri buri gipimo. Umuti wa laser ushyira ibikoresho bya tungsten carbide byashyizwemo uduce tw'icyuma dukonjeshwa n'uduce tw'icyuma ku bice by'inkuta z'umuyoboro. Kubera ko ubuso burusha HRC 62 gukomera, ubu buryo bwongera imbaraga zo kwangirika inshuro 5-8. Gukoresha mu butaka mu birombe by'amabuye y'agaciro bigaragaza ko umuyoboro wo hagati wasubijwe wongera igihe cyo gukora kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku mezi 24, mu gihe ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga kuri toni y'amakara kigabanukaho 40%.

3. "Gusana" urukuta rw'imbere rwa silinda y'amazi

Kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cyo gufunga bitewe n’imikurire y’urukuta rwa silindiri: Sisitemu ikoresha ifu ya coaxial ivanze n’umunwa wa laser wagenewe imyobo y’imbere, bigatuma habaho gusudira neza ahantu hafunganye. Ubukana bw’ubuso nyuma yo gusana (Ra ≤ 0.8μm) burenze amahame mashya yo gutunganya ibice. Igeragezwa ryo mu ruganda rw’amakara ryerekana ko silindiri zasanwe zigera ku musaruro wo gufunga 100% mu gihe zitwara 30% gusa by’umusaruro wa silindiri nshya.

III. Impinduka eshatu: Ubukungu, Ingufu n'Impinduka mu Kurengera Ibidukikije

IV. Kuva ku gusana kugeza ku kuvugurura: ahazaza ho kuvugurura moteri z'amakara mu buryo bw'ubwenge

Hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge, uburyo bwo gupfuka imirasire ya laser buri kugera ku rwego rushya mu mikoreshereze y’imashini z’amakara: 1) Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byikora bituma ibikoresho nk’inkingi na silindiri bisana neza, bikongera ubushobozi bwabyo ku kigero cya 50%; 2) Uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho bukoresha ikoranabuhanga bupima ubusaza bw’ibikoresho binyuze mu byuma bipima ubusaza bw’ibikoresho kugira ngo bikore neza imirimo yo gusana ubupfukamirire mbere yuko bibaho; 3) Ibikoresho bikora neza bitunganya ubupfukamirire bufite ubuso bukomeye bwo hanze burwanya ubusaza n’ubw’imbere bukomeye burwanya ubuhumekero, bigakemura neza imiterere y’imikorere ifitanye isano n’isaza.