Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gupfuka Ingufu za Laser: Udushya Dushya mu Gutunganya Ibikoresho bya Petroli "Intwari Zikora Cyane"

Mu nganda zikora peteroli, urwego rw'ingenzi mu mutekano w'ingufu z'igihugu n'ubuzima bw'inganda z'ibanze, imikorere irambye kandi ihamye y'ibikoresho byo gukora ni wo muyoboro w'ubuzima bunoze kandi butekanye. Ariko, ahantu hakomeye ho gukorera—ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, ingese ikomeye, n'isuri—bihora bigerageza kuramba kw'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Pompe, valves, imiyoboro, reactors, n'ibindi bice bigize poroteyine bihora ari "imitsi" n' "umutima" w'imikorere, kandi ubusugire bw'ubuso bwabyo bw'imbere bugena mu buryo butaziguye igihe cyo gukora n'icyizere cy'igikoresho cyose. Ibisubizo gakondo, nko gukoresha ibikoresho bikora neza cyangwa bisaba igihe cyo guhagarara kugira ngo bisimbuzwe ibice, ntibihenze gusa ahubwo bifata igihe kinini. Muri urwo rwego, ikoranabuhanga ryo gupfuka laser, nk'uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora no kuvugurura ubuso, riri gutanga ibisubizo bishya byo kongera igihe cyo kubaho no kwemeza ko ibikoresho bya peteroli bikora neza kandi bifite imikorere myiza.

I. Ingorane zikomeye: "Ububabare bw'umwimerere" bw'ibikoresho bya peteroli

Ibikoresho bya peteroli byangiritse cyane cyane bitewe n'ibitero bya shimi n'ibikomere bituruka imbere mu mashini:

Kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire: Mu gihe cyo gutunganya peteroli cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi birimo ibintu bihumanya nka sulfure, chlorine, aside na alkali, igice cy'icyuma cy'ibikoresho (ubusanzwe ni icyuma cya karuboni cyangwa icyuma kidashonga) gishobora kwangirika kimwe, gushonga, no kwangirika hagati y'udusimba, bigatera kugabanuka k'urukuta, gutobora, ndetse no kwangirika.

Kwangirika kw'isuri: Urujya n'uruza rw'ibice bya katalori, urusenda, umwuka n'ibindi bikoresho bikomeza kwangirika no kwangirika kw'inkokora z'imiyoboro, inzira z'amazi zicamo pompe, ubuso bwo gufunga intebe z'abafunga, n'ibindi bice, bigatera igihombo cy'ibikoresho no kwangirika kw'inyubako.

Oxidation y'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umunaniro ukabije w'ubushyuhe: Imashini zikora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe bwinshi bikora mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma ibikoresho by’icyuma bishobora kwangirika no gucika intege, ndetse bigatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bujyanye no gutangira no guhagarara. Ibi byangiritse akenshi bituma ibikoresho by’ingenzi binanirwa gukora, bigatuma ibigo bifunga kenshi kugira ngo bikomeze gusanwa. Igihe cyose kidateganijwe gishobora gutera igihombo cy’ubukungu cya miliyoni z’amayuan no guteza ibibazo by’umutekano.

II. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze: Uburyo gupfuka imigozi hakoreshejwe laser birema "umubiri udapfa kwangirika"

Gupfuka imirasire ya laser ni ikoranabuhanga ryo mu nganda rikoresha umurasire wa laser ufite ingufu nyinshi nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo ushongeshe ifu y'aloyi n'urwego ruto ku buso bw'ubutaka, bityo bigakora irangi ry'icyuma rikora neza ku buso bw'ubutaka. Ihame ry'ikoreshwa ryabyo mu kurinda ibikoresho bya peteroli rishobora kuvugwa muri ubu buryo bukurikira:

1. Kugenzura neza ingufu: Ingufu z'imirasire ya laser ziba nyinshi cyane, umuvuduko wo gushyushya no gukonjesha ni mwinshi cyane, aho ubushyuhe bugera n'aho ubushyuhe bugera ni bito cyane, kandi ubwihindurize bw'ibikoresho n'imikorere birindwa.

2. Ibyiza byo Guhuza Ibyuma: Urukuta rw'ibipfundikizo n'ibikoresho by'ibanze birashonga bikanyurana mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma habaho isano ikomeye ya metallurgiska. Iyi migenderanire ikomeye cyane kurusha iy'imashini ikoreshwa mu buryo gakondo nko gutera no gusindikira, kandi irangi ntirishobora gukurwaho.

3. Ubwisanzure mu gushushanya ibikoresho: Ushobora "guhindura" ukurikije imiterere yihariye y'akazi hanyuma ugahitamo ifu ikwiye cyane irwanya ingese, idashira cyangwa irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'ibumba rishingiye kuri nikeli, ibumba rishingiye kuri kobalti, ibumba rishingiye ku cyuma n'ibivanze by'icyuma-keramike) kugira ngo ugere ku ruvange rwiza rw' "ubwiza bwiza bwa matrix bearing hamwe n'ubwiza bukomeye bw'ubuso".

Ku bikoresho bya peteroli, cyane cyane imbere mu miyoboro na reactor, ibikoresho byihariye byo gupfuka imiyoboro ya laser bikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora kandi bumwe mu buryo bugoye kandi bufunze, bigamije gutuma irangi rigumana ubuziranenge kandi ridafite inenge.

III. Ibisubizo by'ikoreshwa: gushyira ubuzima bushya mu bikoresho by'ingenzi

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser mu bikoresho bitandukanye bya peteroli bishobora kuzana inyungu zihuse kandi z'igihe kirekire:

Pompe (pompe zikoresha centrifugal, pompe zikoresha ibyuma bisimburana): Gupfuka icyuma gikozwe muri chromium nyinshi, karubide ya tungsten n'ibindi bikoresho bidashira ku buso bw'ibice binyuramo nk'ibice bya pompe na impellers bishobora kurwanya cyane kwangirika kw'ibice by'amazi n'uduce, no kongera igihe cyo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi inshuro nyinshi.

Valves (valves z'umupira, valves z'irembo, valves z'isi yose): Udupira dukozwe muri Cobalt nka Stellite dushyirwa ku buso bufunga intebe ya valve n'imbere ya valve (umupira) kugira ngo bibe birwanya kwangirika no kudashonga neza, bikureho amazi y'imbere, kandi bikingire neza.

Imiyoboro y'amazi (imiyoboro igororotse, inkokora, imipira y'amapine): Cyane cyane ku nkokora zishobora kwangirika, gupfuka igitambaro kidashira kandi kidashonga bishobora kurinda urukuta rwose rw'imbere, bigakemura burundu ikibazo cyo gutobora imburagihe giterwa n'ingaruka za "skirting" zo mu gace, kandi byongera ubuzima bw'imiyoboro inshuro 3-5.

Reactor (umubiri w'akabati, ikintu gitera ubwoba, ibice by'imbere): Urukuta rw'imbere rutwikiriwe n'urwego rwa Hastelloy cyangwa 625 alloy rurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, carburisation, na aside na alkali corruption, rurwanya neza isuri y'uburyo bwo gukora response, rugakomeza ibidukikije byiza byo gukora response, kandi rugakomeza kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge.

IV. Kurenga uburinzi: Gusimbuka mu gaciro gakwiye

Agaciro k'ikoranabuhanga rya laser cladding karenze kure "gusana". Ni kandi ingamba zigezweho zo "kurinda imikorere" no "kuvugurura" zizana impinduka mu buryo bwinshi ku bigo bitanga peteroli:

Kongera igihe cyo kubungabunga no kwemeza ko imikorere y'igihe kirekire: Iterambere ry’ibanze mu buryo bw’ubwizigame bw’ibikoresho ryazamuye neza urwego rwo kuvugurura kuva ku mwaka umwe kugeza ku myaka 3-4 cyangwa irenga, ibyo bikaba byujuje neza ibisabwa mu mikorere y’inganda zigezweho zikora imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe, buhamye, burebure, bwuzuye kandi bwiza cyane.

Kugabanya ikiguzi, kunoza imikorere, n'iterambere rirambye: Ugereranyije no gusimbuza burundu ibice bihenze bifite aloyi nyinshi, gupfuka imirasire ya laser byongera imbaraga gusa, bikagabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho kirenga 70%. Binatuma habaho kongera gukora ibikoresho byatakaye, bigatuma imikorere iruta iy'ibishya, hakurikijwe amahame y'ubukungu buzenguruka n'iterambere ryita ku bidukikije.

Gukomeza inzitizi z'umutekano: Kurandura by'ibanze ibyago byihishe by'impanuka zikomeye nko gusohora amazi mu buryo buciriritse, inkongi y'umuriro no guturika biterwa no kugabanya ubunini bw'ibikoresho no gutobora ingese, no kubaka uruzitiro rukomeye rwa tekiniki kugira ngo umutekano ukomeze kwiyongera. umusaruro.

Umwanzuro

Ikoranabuhanga rya laser cladding, rifite imikorere yaryo ya digitale, isobanutse neza, kandi ihindagurika, ririmo guhindura uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho mu nganda za peteroli. Riha ibi bikoresho by'ingenzi by'inganda "intwaro ikomeye," ibafasha kwihanganira imikorere igoye cyane. Bitewe no kwiyongera k'ikoranabuhanga no kunoza imikorere, laser cladding yiteguye kuba imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rituma habaho umutekano, kugabanya ikiguzi, kunoza imikorere, no guteza imbere imikorere irambye ku bigo bya peteroli, bigashyira imbaraga zikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga mu mikorere ihamye y'inganda z'ingufu n'imiti zo mu Bushinwa.