Raporo irambuye: Gupfuka imirasire hakoreshejwe laser ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'umwobo w'inyunganiramirongo, bigaragaza ubuhanga bwo gusana inganda

Saa moya n'igice za mu gitondo, itsinda ryacu rya tekiniki ryanyuze muri sima itose yo mu ruganda maze rihagarara imbere y'aho abakiriya bakorera imashini zikomeye. Uyu munsi, twari turimo gukora imashini ya laser ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'umwobo w'icyuma kugira ngo habeho igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho—umubumbe w'isinema.

Umwuka wo mu iduka wari urimo impumuro yihariye y’amazi yo gukata ibyuma n’amavuta ya moteri, mu gihe insinga z’imashini zari zimanitse hejuru buhoro buhoro. "Umurwayi" wacu - urwego rw’umubumbe rupima toni nyinshi - yari yasukuwe neza kandi ishyirwa ku rukuta runini rw’ibikoresho byo gukoreramo. Kimwe n’igihangange kinini kidatuje, inkuta zacyo z’imbere zari zifite utwenge tw’udupira twashaje kandi tudafite aho duhuriye, "ibikomere" twari tugiye kuvura neza uyu munsi.

Iperereza ku kigo n' "imyiteguro mbere yo kubagwa"

Injeniyeri Wang wo ku ruhande rw'umukiriya yaratwegereye. Ubwo yasuhuzaga amaboko, imbaraga n'ubukana byari mu kiganza cye byaragaragaraga. Nta buryo bwemewe, yerekeje ku mwobo munini cyane w'icyuma gifunga ibyuma: "Uyu wamaze kugabanukaho 0.8mm, utera urusaku rudasanzwe mu gice cyose cy'itumanaho. Nidukomeza kuwukoresha, uzavaho." Ijwi rye ryari rigaragaza agahinda k'igice cy'ingenzi gihenze cyari kigiye kwangirika ndetse n'icyitegererezo cy'uburyo bushya bwo kuwukoresha.

Narapfukamye maze nshyiramo itara mu mwobo. Aho urumuri rwakurikiraga inzira yarwo, nabonaga neza uduce duto tw’urukuta rw’imbere twatewe no kwangirika kwa mikorosikopi. Urufatiro rw’umubumbe rwari runini cyane, ariko ikibazo cyari mu kunonosora neza ubuso bw’imbere bupimwe muri mikorometero—nk’uko byari bimeze mu gushushanya imiterere ihambaye ku kibuga cya basketball, bisaba ubuhanga n’ubudahangarwa.” Witinya, Injeniyeri Wang. Gupfuka imirasire ya laser byakozwe ku bw’iyi ntego,” naravuze nhaguruka kugira ngo dushyireho “ameza yacu yo gukoreramo.”

Mu gufungura agasanduku k'ibikoresho, hagaragaye igice cy'ingenzi—umutwe w'imbere upfundikirwa na laser upfundikirwa n'ifu y'urukuta. Imiterere yawo mito kandi yo mu rwego rwo kubaga yasaga n'igikoresho gisobanutse neza cyari kiteguye gukora imbere mu gice cy'umubumbe w'isi. Ubwo mugenzi we Xiao Zhang yakoreshaga sisitemu ihuriweho, laser ifite ishusho kare yasohoraga urusaku rwo hasi ubwo ecran y'akabati k'igenzura yacaga urumuri n'ibipimo bihindagurika. Twahuje imiyoboro ikonjesha mu buryo bunonosoye, dushyiraho amarido ya gaze irinda coaxial, dutunganya inzira z'urumuri, kandi dutunganya neza icyuma gitanga ifu—buri ntambwe yakozwe neza cyane. Umwuka wuzuye gusa urusaku rw'amashanyarazi n'amabwiriza yacu magufi.

Uburyo bwo gupfuka: imbyino y'urumuri n'ifu

"Uburyo" nyakuri bwaratangiye. Iyobowe n'inzira zari zateguwe mbere, umutwe w'igipfundikizo winjizwa buhoro buhoro mu mwobo w'igipfundikizo cy'umubumbe w'isi. Mu burebure bw'umuyoboro muto, icyuma cya laser kitagaragara ku maso cyibanze neza ku rukuta rw'imbere, gihita gikora pisine ishaje. Hafi icyarimwe, gazi itwara ibintu yasunikaga ifu nziza cyane ishingiye kuri nikeli mu ruzi rw'umutwe w'igipfundikizo, itera kimwe nk'igihu n'umukungugu byazanye neza ibikoresho mu pisine ishaje.

Mu kanya gato, ifu n'icyuma cyo hasi byashongeshejwe vuba, bivangavanga, kandi bikomera bitewe n'ingufu nyinshi za laser. Binyuze mu idirishya ryo kureba, ikidendezi gito cyashongeshejwe cyacanye urumuri rwera rwinshi, kigenda gitera imbere kigakora urwego rw'ubudodo bunini, bworoshye kandi bufatanye n'icyuma inyuma yacyo. Iki kintu cyari nk'aho gikoresha urumuri nk'uburoso kugira ngo gishushanye urusobe rushya rw'icyuma mu mwobo w'imbere w'icyuma.

"Umuvuduko w'amazi y'ifu uracyari muzima, imbaraga za laser ziguma mu bipimo bisanzwe, kandi ikidendezi gishongeshejwe gikomeza kugira imiterere itunganye." Xiao Zhang yakomeje guhanga amaso ye kuri ecran yo kugenzura, atanga amakuru agezweho ku 'bimenyetso by'ubuzima'. Nahagaze nkora amajwi kuri buri kipimo, ngenzura ko buri kanya k'ubu 'kubagwa gukabije' kaguma gacungwa. Abahanga bake bakiri bato bo ku ruhande rw'umukiriya barateranye, amaso yabo y'amatsiko areba ahantu hashyuha cyane kuri ecran ubwo baganiraga. Injeniyeri Wang yahagaze afite amaboko, isura ye igenda igabanuka kuva ku buremere bw'ibanze igera ku myitwarire yoroshye.

Ubukorikori n'ubwitange

Igikorwa cyose cyo gupfuka cyamaze hafi amasaha ane. Ubwo umutwe w'igipfuka wavaga buhoro buhoro mu mwobo wa nyuma, twazimye ibikoresho maze aho gukorera hahagarara. Ariko akazi ntikararangira. Intambwe y'ingenzi cyane ni igenzura.

Nakuyemo itara na endoscope, mbishyira mu mwobo. Munsi y'urumuri, igitambaro gishya cyashyizwemo cyagaragazaga urumuri rw'icyuma rusa, rusa n'"ishati nshya" yakozwe neza ishyizwe ku rukuta rw'imbere rwashaje. Abapima ubukana bw'ubushyuhe bw'ingufu bemezaga ko agaciro ka Ra kari munsi ya 0.8μm, mu gihe ibipimo by'ubunini bw'ingingo nyinshi hakoreshejwe icyuma byagaragaje ubunini buhamye ku buso bwose, byujuje neza ibisabwa byo kwihanganira 0.5±0.05mm byavuzwe mu bishushanyo by'ubuhanga. "Injeniyeri Wang, nk'uko mubibona," natanze amakuru yo gupima, "urwego rwo gupfuka n'ubutaka bifatanye mu buryo bw'icyuma, ndetse binarenze ibikoresho by'ibanze. Ku bijyanye n'ikibazo cyo guhindura ubushyuhe uhangayikishijwe cyane, kugenzura uburyo dukora ibintu bireba ko guhindura ubushyuhe bwose biguma munsi ya 0.03mm. Ibi bikuraho gukenera gukora imashini zikomeye, bigatuma habaho guterana neza nyuma yo gusya neza."

Bwana Wang yafashe raporo, asuzuma buri gipimo yitonze mbere yo gusuzuma endoscope mu gihe kirekire. Amaherezo yaragororotse, isura ye isa n'inseko ya mbere y'umunsi: "Ni byiza cyane! Iyi ngaruka irenze ibyo twari twiteze byose. 'Umugongo' wacu wongeye kuzura burundu - uzamara nibura indi gahunda yuzuye y'imikorere!" Aya magambo yabaye nk'ishimwe rikomeye ku mbaraga z'ikipe yacu zidacogora. Ubwo yatunganyaga ibikoresho, imirasire y'izuba ryinshi yanyuraga mu kirere cy'ishuri, ishyira urumuri rushyushye hejuru y'imashini z'icyuma gikonje. Ahagaze imbere y'umubumbe w'isi wari waravuguruwe, yumva afite icyo ageraho cyane.

Ibyo dutanga birenga imashini idakora cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho - bikubiyemo kurinda umutungo w'abakiriya no kubaha ubuhanga mu buryo buhamye. Iyo laser ifunze kandi ibikoresho bipakiye, tujyana ibikoresho, ariko tugasiga umurage wo kwizerwa no kwizerana mu mikorere y'abakiriya bacu. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ituma twitangira buri munsi ahantu hose dusura ibikorwa.